1.实义动词:及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.) ①及物动词(vt.)+宾语(主谓宾结构)
He ate two eggs this morning.
She cleans her room every day.
②不及物动词(vi.)
主+vi. (主谓结构)
She came.
The bird died.
不及物动词作谓语时,若句义表达完整,则后面不加宾语。
主+vi.+介词+宾语(主谓宾结构)
He looks after three babies.
不及物动词作谓语时,若句义表达不完整,后面必须加上宾语才完整时,则要跟上相应的介词后才能加宾语。
2.系动词 (主系表结构)(系表构成复合谓语)
1) be动词类: am、 is 、are 、was 、were (I am a teacher.)
2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,表达"保持 "之意,主要有keep, stay, remain
3)感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look
4)变化系动词表示主语变成什么样,表达"变得 "之意,主要有become, grow, turn, get, go, fall,come
5)表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem, appear
6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"结果是;证明是 "之意
3. 情态动词+实义动词 (复合谓语)
shall / should / will / would
We can speak English.
4. 助动词+实义动词 (复合谓语)
助动词帮助实义动词构成谓语。帮助构成时态或者语态,也可构成疑问句和否定句,构成否定句时与否定副词not连用。
最常用的助动词有:be动词, have/has/had, do/does/did,
We are learning English.
The room was cleaned yesterday.
They have finished their homework.
She doesn't like this coat.