这些天数以百万计的美国人正在离职——而且他们并不总是有另一份工作。
无论是因为精疲力竭、希望获得更大的灵活性或更高的薪水，还是追求完全不同的职业，说“我辞职”都会对财务产生长期影响。
“在你离开之前，你要做一些准备工作。然后在你离开之后，你会想要看看短期、中期和长期的影响，”财务总监伊莎贝尔巴罗说。在 Edelman Financial Engines 进行规划。
如果您正在考虑在没有其他工作机会的情况下辞职，您需要了解以下内容：
做一个快速的自我检查
现在是求职的好时机，但请确保您出于正确的原因离职。
“草通常并不一定更绿，”员工福利公司 Segal 的企业咨询负责人 Tami Simon 说。 “花时间认真思考一下你自己的动机是什么，以及你考虑离职而不是追随潮流的真正原因。”
如果您想离开是因为您正在寻求更多的灵活性、金钱、责任感，或者您想学习新技能，那么现在是询问您当前雇主的时候了。
“我们已经看到组织以各种不同的方式学习如何变得敏捷和灵活，当然还有他们的员工，”西蒙说。 “如果你想在你的职业生涯中追求一个新的方向并正在考虑重返学校，那么你的雇主可能有兴趣帮助你实现这一目标，甚至可能会提供资金支持。”
与导师或赞助商联系以讨论可能的更改也有助于为决策提供一些洞察力和清晰度。
西蒙说：“与您信任的顾问交谈，他们是您真正可以信赖的人，他们始终支持您，并始终为您提供您可能无法确定的诚实。”
时间就是一切
还记得你开始工作时得到的所有文书工作吗？它可能包括有关戒烟的任何潜在财务影响的信息。
西蒙建议您在宣布离职之前查看您的原始录取通知书、薪酬安排和员工手册。 “你受什么契约约束？”
有时，福利是根据您在雇主处工作的时间来授予的，如果您在特定时间段之前辞职，则优惠还可能包括竞业禁止条款或签约奖金或其他奖励的回扣。
例如，您可能期望为未使用的累积带薪休假支付大笔费用，但根据西蒙的说法，法律在是否必须支付方面有所不同。
“你不应该假设如果你提前两周通知并且你有两周的假期，你就可以坐在沙滩上度过[它]。确保你看看组织内部的结构.”
离开也可能意味着可能失去奖金。
Betterment 401(k) 业务总经理克里斯汀·卡莱尔 (Kristen Carlisle) 表示：“我们即将到年底，届时可能会有年终奖金或激励措施。” “虽然尽可能快地做出改变是很诱人的……把它当作你总薪酬的一部分，以及在你离职时进行过渡时可以帮助你的东西。”
评估您的预算
求职者现在占了上风，但很难知道这种情况会持续多久。
“你必须考虑最坏的情况，”巴罗说。 “在你休假后的六到九个月后，你不知道就业市场会是什么样子。”
在放弃薪水之前，先制定一个预算，详细说明您每月的现金流入和支出。列出您的所有非可自由支配的生活费用，包括住房、交通、杂货、税收、水电费和任何在没有薪水的情况下仍需要支付的债务。
卡莱尔建议，除了定期的支票、储蓄和退休账户外，至少要节省三到六个月的生活费用。巴罗建议手头有 12 到 24 个月的生活费用。
巴罗说：“在实现飞跃之前，你真的需要有非常强大的现金储备。” “当你失业时……你的冰箱可能需要更换，或者 [你可能] 需要修车或支付大笔牙科费用。”
如果您打算利用这段时间进行昂贵的活动，例如穿越欧洲，巴罗建议您在应急基金之外进行储蓄。
她还建议评估任何债务——尤其是信用卡债务。 “你需要尝试解决这个问题，并在你离职之前摆脱它。你不想做的是发现你必须在两者之间做出选择：'我是支付抵押贷款还是支付我的信用卡账单？你想摆脱一些利率可能更高的无担保债务。”
好处：你放弃了什么？
离职也可能意味着放弃其他福利，包括健康保险。
“大多数员工都知道他们的雇主提供健康保险福利，但他们不一定总是意识到雇主补贴了多少费用，”西蒙说。
综合综合预算对账法案 (COBRA) 通常要求拥有 20 名以上员工的雇主在一定时间内为前雇员提供临时的健康保险延期。
“雇主有时会补贴 COBRA 的费用，但大多数不会，”西蒙说。 “而且雇主被允许对 COBRA 收取高达适用保费的 102%。”
她补充说，雇主必须提供 COBRA 通知，详细说明您的权利和责任，包括保险费用。
另一种选择是寻找公共卫生交流的报道。您可以在 Healthcare.gov 上查看您所在州提供的选项。
“[医疗保健] 比人们预期的要贵得多，”巴罗说。 “在离职之前，将其作为整体预算的一部分，这一点非常重要。”
退休储蓄呢
如果您在即将成为前雇主的公司有 401(k)，则您必须决定如何处理它。
您有几个潜在的选择：如果允许，您可以将其保留在当前雇主的计划中，但您将无法进行任何进一步的供款。或者，一旦找到工作，您就可以将其纳入新雇主的计划中。
您还可以将 401(k) 转入个人退休账户 (IRA)。
卡莱尔说：“在工作之余考虑向 IRA 供款。” “尽你所能为退休储蓄，它会让你为长远的成功做好准备。”
她补充说，你应该确保将钱转入一个合格的账户，这样你就不会受到费用的影响。
尽量避免过早使用 401(k)。 “很多人将 401(k) 视为潜在的贿赂基金......对于退休人员以外的大多数人来说，这不是一个好的选择。涉及处罚，这将进一步推迟退休，”巴罗说。
您还应该检查您的退休计划是否附有任何归属日期。
巴罗说：“您是否有要留在桌上的养老金，或者您没有完全归属于您的 401(k)？” “在你扣动扳机离开之前，这些也是你需要考虑的事情。
How to financially prepare to quit your job
Millions of Americans are leaving their jobs these days -- and they don't always have another one lined up.
Whether it's due to burnout, a desire for more flexibility or better pay, or the pursuit of an entirely different career, saying "I quit" can have long-term financial implications.
"Before you leave, there are things you want to do to prepare. And then after you leave, you are going to want to look at the short-term, intermediate and the long-term implications," said Isabel Barrow, director of financial planning at Edelman Financial Engines.
Here's what you need to know if you are considering quitting without another job offer:
Do a quick gut check
It's a good time to be a job seeker, but make sure you are leaving for the right reasons.
"The grass is very often not necessarily greener," said Tami Simon, a corporate consulting leader at employee benefits firm Segal. "Take the time to really think about what your own motivations are, and the real reason why you are thinking about leaving your job as opposed to just following a trend."
If you are looking to leave because you're seeking more flexibility, money, responsibility or you want to learn new skills, now's the time to ask your current employer.
"We have seen organizations learn how to be agile and flexible in a variety of different ways, certainly with their workforces," said Simon. "If you want to pursue a new direction in your career and are thinking about going back to school, well maybe your employer would be interested in helping you pursue that and maybe even help fund it."
Reaching out to a mentor or sponsor to discuss a possible change can also help provide some insight and clarity on the decision.
"Talk to your trusted advisers, the people that you can really count on to always have your back and always give you the honesty that you may not be able to determine for yourself," said Simon.
Timing is everything
Remember all that paperwork that you got when you started the job? It likely includes information about any potential financial impacts of quitting.
Simon suggests reviewing your original offer letter, compensation arrangements and the employee manual before you announce your departure. "What are you contractually bound to?"
Sometimes benefits are awarded based on how long you've been with the employer, and offers could also include non-compete clauses or clawbacks of signing bonuses or other incentives if you resign before a certain period of time.
For instance, you might be anticipating a big payout for unused accrued paid time off, but according to Simon, laws vary in whether it has to be paid out.
"You shouldn't assume that if you give two weeks' notice and you have two weeks' worth of vacation that you can just spend [it] sitting on the beach. Make sure you take a look at how that is structured within the organization."
Leaving could also mean potentially losing out on bonuses.
"We are about to hit the end of the year, there can be end-of-year bonuses or incentives that come with that," said Kristen Carlisle, general manager of Betterment 401(k) business. "While it's tempting to make a change as fast as possible...think of that as part of your total compensation and something that can help you as you make a transition when leaving your job."
Evaluate your budget
Job seekers have the upper hand right now, but it's hard to know how long that will last.
"You have to look at the worst-case scenario," said Barrow. "In six to nine months down the road after you've taken some time off, you don't know what that job market is going to look like."
Before walking away from a paycheck, create a budget that details your monthly cash inflow and spending. List all your non-discretionary living expenses, including housing, transportation, groceries, taxes, utility bills and any debts that would still need to be covered without a paycheck.
Carlisle recommended having at least three to six months of living expenses saved in addition to your regular checking, savings and retirement accounts. Barrow advised having 12 to 24 months of living expenses on hand.
"You really need to have a really strong cash reserve before you make the leap," Barrow said. "While you are out of work...your fridge might need to be replaced, or [you may] need a car repair or a major dental expense."
And if you are planning to take this time for expensive endeavors like traveling through Europe, Barrow recommended saving for it outside of your emergency fund.
She also suggested evaluating any debts -- especially credit card debts. "You need to try and tackle that and get rid of it before you leave the job. What you don't want to do is find out you have to make the choice between: 'Do I pay my mortgage or do I pay my credit card bill?' You want to get rid of some of those unsecured debts that might be at higher interest rates."
Benefits: What are you giving up?
Leaving a job can also mean giving up other benefits, including health insurance.
"Most employees know that their employers offer heath insurance benefits, but they don't necessarily always realize how much employers subsidize the cost," said Simon.
The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) generally requires employers with more than 20 workers to offer a temporary extension of health coverage to former employees for a certain amount of time.
"Employers will sometimes subsidize the cost of COBRA, but most don't," said Simon. "And employers are permitted to charge up to 102% of the applicable premium for COBRA."
She added that employers are required to provide a COBRA notice that details your rights and responsibilities, including coverage costs.
Another option is to find coverage on public health exchanges. You can review the options your state offers on healthcare.gov.
"[Health care] is a lot more expensive than people expect," said Barrow. "It's really important that you consider that as part of your overall budget before you leave your job."
What about retirement savings
If you have a 401(k) at your soon-to-be former employer, you'll have to make a decision on what to do with it.
You have a few potential options: You can leave it in your current employer's plan if permitted, but you won't be able to make any further contributions. Or you may be able to roll it into a new employer's plan once you find a job.
You could also roll a 401(k) into an individual retirement account (IRA).
"Look into contributing into an IRA while you are between your jobs," said Carlisle. "As much as you can save for retirement, it sets you up for success in the long haul."
She added that you should make sure you are rolling the money over into a qualified account so you don't get hit with fees.
Try to avoid dipping into your 401(k) early. "A lot of people look at that 401(k) as a potential slush fund ... that is not a good option for most people outside of retirees. There are penalties involved and that pushes retirement back even further," said Barrow.
You should also check to see if there are any vesting dates attached to your retirement plans.
"Do you have a pension that you are leaving on the table or are you not vested fully in your 401(k)?," said Barrow. "Those are things you need to consider as well before you pull the trigger and leave.
