1.
一个句子以大写字母开头，以句号/句号、问号或感叹号结尾。 A sentence starts with a capital letter and ends with a period/full stop, a question mark or an exclamation mark.
The fat cat sat on the mat.
Where do you live?
My dog is very clever!
2. 一个基本的肯定句的顺序是主语-动词-宾语。 （否定句和疑问句的顺序可能不同。）
The order of a basic positive sentence is Subject-Verb-Object. (Negative and question sentences may have a different order.)
John loves Mary.
They were driving their car to Bangkok.
3. 每个句子必须有主语和动词。对象是可选的。请注意，祈使句可能只有动词，但可以理解主语。
Every sentence must have a subject and a verb. An object is optional. Note that an imperative sentence may have a verb only, but the subject is understood.
John teaches.
John teaches English.
Stop!
(i.e. You stop!)
4. 主语和动词必须在数量上一致，即单数主语需要单数动词，复数主语需要复数动词。
The subject and verb must agree in number, that is a singular subject needs a singular verb and a plural subject needs a plural verb.
John works in London.
That monk eats once a day.
John and Mary work in London.
Most people eat three meals a day.
5. 当两个单数主语用or连接时，动词用单数。对于 or/or 和 neither/nor 也是如此。
When two singular subjects are connected by or, use a singular verb. The same is true for either/or and neither/nor.
John or Mary is coming tonight.
Either coffee or tea is fine.
Neither John nor Mary was late.
6. 形容词通常放在名词之前（除非动词将形容词与名词分开）。
Adjectives usually come before a noun (except when a verb separates the adjective from the noun).
I have a big dog.
She married a handsome Italian man.
Her husband is rich.
7. 两个或多个形容词连用时，通常的顺序是“意见形容词+事实形容词+名词”。 （事实形容词的顺序有一些额外的规则。）
When using two or more adjectives together, the usual order is opinion-adjective + fact-adjective + noun. (There are some additional rules for the order of fact adjectives.)
I saw a nice French table.
That was an interesting Shakespearian play.
8. 将集体名词（例如委员会、公司、董事会）视为单数或复数。在英式英语中，集体名词通常被视为复数，需要动词和代词的复数。在美式英语中，集体名词通常被视为单数，需要一个单数的动词和代词
Treat collective nouns (e.g. committee, company, board of directors) as singular OR plural. In BrE a collective noun is usually treated as plural, needing a plural verb and pronoun. In AmE a collective noun is often treated as singular, needing a singular verb and pronoun.
The committee are having sandwiches for lunch. Then they will go to London.
The BBC have changed their logo.
My family likes going to the zoo.
CNN has changed its logo.
9. its 和 it's 是两个不同的词，意思不同。
The words its and it's are two different words with different meanings.
The dog has hurt its leg.
He says it's two o'clock.
10. your 和 you're 是两个不同的词，意思不同。
The words your and you're are two different words with different meanings.
Here is your coffee.
You're looking good.
11. there、their 和 they 是三个不同的词，含义不同。
The words there, their and they're are three different words with different meanings.
There was nobody at the party.
I saw their new car.
Do you think they're happy?
12. 缩写 he's 可能意味着 he is 或 he has 。类似地，she's 可以表示 she is 或 she has，it's 可以表示 it is 或 it has，而 John's 可以表示 John is 或 OR John has。
The contraction he's can mean he is OR he has. Similarly, she's can mean she is OR she has, and it's can mean it is OR it has, and John's can mean John is OR John has.
He is working
He has finished.
She is here.
She has left.
John is married.
John has divorced his wife.
13. he'd可能意味着he had或he would。同样，they'd 可能意味着 they had 或 they would 。
The contraction he'd can mean he had OR he would. Similarly, they'd can mean they had OR they would.
He had eaten when I arrived.
He would eat more if possible.
They had already finished.
They would come if they could.
14. 用首字母大写拼写专有名词。专有名词是某物的“名称”，例如 Josef、Mary、Russia、China、British Broadcasting Corporation、English。
Spell a proper noun with an initial capital letter. A proper noun is a "name" of something, for example Josef, Mary, Russia, China, British Broadcasting Corporation, English.
We have written to Mary.
Is China in Asia?
Do you speak English?
15. 用首字母大写拼写正确的形容词。专有形容词由专有名词组成，例如德国→德语、奥威尔→奥威尔、马基雅维利→马基雅维利。
Spell proper adjectives with an initial capital letter. Proper adjectives are made from proper nouns, for example Germany → German, Orwell → Orwellian, Machiavelli → Machiavellian.
London is an English town.
Who is the Canadian prime minister?
Which is your favourite Shakespearian play?
16. 一般可数名词用不定冠词a/an。定冠词 the 用于特定的可数名词和所有不可数名词。
Use the indefinite article a/an for countable nouns in general. Use the definite article the for specific countable nouns and all uncountable nouns.
I saw a bird and a balloon in the sky. The bird was blue and the balloon was yellow.
He always saves some of the money that he earns.
17. 对以辅音开头的词使用不定冠词a。对以元音开头的词使用不定冠词 an。请参阅何时说 a 或 an
Use the indefinite article a with words beginning with a consonant sound. Use the indefinite article an with words beginning with a vowel sound. see When to Say a or an
a cat
a game of golf
a Frenchman
an apple
an easy job
an interesting story
18. 可数名词可用 many 或 few 表达数量。对不可数名词使用 much/a lot 或 little 表达数量。具体用法见量词
Use many or few with countable nouns. Use much/a lot or little for uncountable nouns. see Quantifiers
How many dollars do you have?
How much money do you have?
There are a few cars outside.
There is little traffic on the roads.
19. 为了表示拥有（谁是某物的所有者），单数所有者使用（撇号）' + s，复数所有者使用 s + '（撇号）。
To show possession (who is the owner of something) use an apostrophe + s for singular owners, and s + apostrophe for plural owners.
The boy's dog.
The boys' dog.
20. 一般来说，主动语态（猫吃鱼）优先于被动语态（鱼被猫吃掉）。
In general, use the active voice (Cats eat fish) in preference to the passive voice (Fish are eaten by cats).
We use active in preference to passive.
Active is used in preference to passive.
