一、常见祈使用法（直接说“Hold…”）
1. Hold on.
等一下 / 别挂电话。
Hold on, I'll be right there.
2. Hold up.
等等 / 慢一点（也可表示抢劫时举起手）。
Hold up, I think you dropped your wallet.
3. Hold still.
别动。
Hold still while I take the picture.
4. Hold tight.
抓紧 / 紧握。
Hold tight, we're going around a sharp turn.
5. Hold your breath.
屏住呼吸（字面/比喻都可）。
Hold your breath and count to ten.
Don't hold your breath for him to call you back.（比喻“别抱太大希望”）
二、短语动词类
6. Hold on to…
抓紧 / 保留。
Hold on to your ticket until the end of the ride.
7. Hold back…
阻止 / 抑制。
Don't hold back your feelings.
8. Hold off (on)…
推迟 / 暂缓。
Let's hold off on making a decision until tomorrow.
9. Hold out…
伸出（手、物品）或坚持。
He held out his hand to shake mine.
We can only hold out for a few more days without supplies.
10. Hold down…
压住 / 稳定（工作、局面）。
She's been holding down the same job for ten years.
三、情绪或情况表达
11. Hold a grudge.
记仇。
She doesn't usually hold a grudge.
12. Hold someone accountable.
追究某人的责任。
We need to hold them accountable for their actions.
13. Hold the line.
保持不变 / 别挂电话。
Please hold the line, your call is important to us.
14. Hold your ground.
坚守立场。
He held his ground during the debate.
口语小贴士：
Hold on / Hold up 都有“等一下”的意思，但 hold up 语气更口语随意，有时带惊讶或打断意味。
Hold tight / Hold still 多用于场景化指令（交通工具、拍照、医生检查）。
Hold your breath 常用比喻表达“别太指望”，很美式。
